Makeup
Makeup was an essential element of Kabuki performances, as it allowed each actor to transform into the character they represented. Makeup was meant to capture and enhance the facial expressions of each actor through distinct markings. Actors painted themselves based on their bone structure and were able to completely transform into their role (Tikkanen). This Kumadori style of makeup used various patterns to represent each character. From the moment any character stepped onto the Kabuki stage, it became clear what kind of individual they were solely based on their appearance. Makeup portrayed power and godliness, and allowed each character to express their individuality. Actors covered their faces in thick makeup of several colors: red stripes around the eye and cheek areas represented power and youth, and indigo blue signified a negative attribute in the character wearing it (Khan Academy). Beyond transforming an actor into their role, makeup had religious roots that allowed Kabuki to connect to the spiritual world. Through making actors appear like supernatural beings, makeup demonstrated the godliness of performers and of the Kabuki plays (Tikkanen). Makeup caused the audience to feel invested in each play enhanced by providing insight and a spiritual connection to the characters.